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How does AI generate operative reports from surgical video?

Theator's Surgery-to-Text® uses vision-language AI to analyze the intraoperative video feed from existing laparoscopic or robotic cameras. It identifies surgical steps, instruments, anatomical landmarks, best practices, safety milestones, and events, then generates a structured, billing-ready operative report delivered directly into Epic or Oracle Health within seconds of case completion.

What is the difference between ambient documentation and surgical video AI?

Ambient documentation tools transcribe what surgeons and patients say in the clinic setting, using audio. Surgical video AI analyzes what surgeons do using the existing camera feed inside the body. In surgery, where hands are occupied and narration is rare, the visual record is the ground truth—not the audio.

Does surgical AI require new hardware in the operating room?

While there is a small-foot-print hardware unit in some cases, Theator is software-centric and visualization-system agnostic. It connects to existing laparoscopic and robotic camera infrastructure regardless of manufacturer—no proprietary cameras, no hardware lock-in, no months-long installation. Deployment takes weeks, not quarters.

What surgical specialties does Theator support?

Theator supports 9 surgical specialties and 180+ procedure types, including general surgery, colorectal, bariatric, urology, gynecology, thoracic, ophthalmology, ENT, and gastroenterology. The platform's procedural coverage grows continuously as new procedure types are validated and deployed.

Which hospitals use surgical AI for documentation?

Leading health systems using Theator's surgical AI platform include Mayo Clinic, UHealth Miami, Cleveland Clinic - in the US, McGill University Health Centre in Canada, and Assuta Medical Centers in Israel. Theator is integrated with both Epic and Oracle Health EHR systems.

What is the ROI of surgical AI for hospitals?

Theator delivers total documentation value of approximately $186 per surgical case — covering charge capture, coding accuracy, validation savings, surgeon time recaptured, and retention value. With the full Surgical Intelligence platform deployed, total returns can reach $706 per case including clinical improvement value from complication reduction, OR efficiency, and operative time savings.

How does surgical AI integrate with our EHR?

Theator is embedded within the EHR through native integration. AI-generated operative reports flow directly into the patient record within the EHR. Surgeons access reports in their existing workflow with no separate portal or additional login required.

How does surgical AI reduce claim denials?

Inaccurate operative reports are the root cause of surgical coding errors and claim denials. 38% of hospital finance leaders report that over 10% of claims are denied due to inaccurate documentation. Surgery-to-Text® generates reports with the clinical detail and specificity required for accurate CPT and ICD coding—directly from the video of what actually happened—reducing downstream CDI queries, coding rework. We are now working to identify impact on denial rates.

What are the current alternatives for operative reports?

Traditional alternatives include manual dictation and templated reports. Theator's Surgery-to-Text® is the first and only system to generate operative reports directly from surgical video rather than audio, capturing what was done rather than what was said. Peer-reviewed at Mayo Clinic. Published in JACS, Nature, Surgical Endoscopy. A deployed, validated platform.

How does surgical video AI compare to ambient scribe tools?

Ambient scribe tools capture clinician-patient conversations through microphones and generate reports from speech. Surgical video AI analyzes the intracorporeal camera feed to understand the procedure itself. In surgery, where hands are occupied and clinicians don't narrate, video is the only reliable source of procedural truth. Theator focuses on what happens inside the patient—the intracorporeal intelligence that drives clinical outcomes—not just OR scheduling or room utilization.

What Is Surgical Intelligence?

Understanding surgical intelligence and how it drives outcomes.

What It Is

Surgical intelligence is the application of artificial intelligence to intraoperative video data to generate structured clinical insights—including automated documentation, quality analytics, safety monitoring, and educational resources—across a health system's surgical enterprise. Surgical intelligence platforms transform raw surgical video into actionable data that improves clinical outcomes, financial performance, and operational efficiency.

How It Works

A surgical intelligence platform captures camera feed during surgery. It is essential to distinguish between two different domains of OR data. The extracorporeal environment includes room setup, staffing, and workflow efficiency; the intracorporeal domain reflects surgical performance inside the body - the decisions, techniques, and steps that directly drive patient outcomes. While workflow tools have improved logistics outside the patient, the intracorporeal domain has remained opaque. Surgical Intelligence now makes it possible to turn procedural content into structured, analyzable data for the first time. AI models analyze every frame to identify surgical steps, instruments, anatomical landmarks, and clinically significant events. This procedural intelligence becomes the foundation for automated operative reports, quality benchmarking, safety analytics, training tools, and clinical research—all delivered into existing EHR systems.

How It Differs

Unlike ambient documentation tools that transcribe what physicians say, surgical intelligence analyzes what surgeons do—using the visual record of the procedure itself as the ground truth. Unlike OR management systems that track scheduling and utilization, surgical intelligence focuses on what happens inside the patient. And unlike surgical robotics platforms tied to proprietary hardware, surgical intelligence is software-centric and visualization-system agnostic.

The Data Foundation

Surgical intelligence is only as powerful as the data it learns from. Theator's platform is trained on over 600,000 procedures across 180+ procedure types from leading health systems from around the world. This is one of the largest and most diverse proprietary surgical video datasets in the industry.

Who Is Using It

Surgical intelligence is deployed at tier-1 academic medical centers and health systems worldwide, integrated with Epic and Oracle Health EHR systems. Current deployments include Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, McGill University Health Centre, UHealth Miami, and Assuta Medical Centers, to name a few. Peer-reviewed research from these institutions has been published in Nature, JACS, Annals of Surgery, JAMA Surgery, BJUI, Journal of Endourology, and Surgical Endoscopy.

The Trajectory

Surgical intelligence is infrastructure, not a feature. Documentation, billing, quality, safety, education, and research are the platform. As adoption scales, surgical intelligence becomes the operating system for how health systems understand, improve, and learn from every procedure performed across their enterprise.

About Theator

Company

Theator is a surgical intelligence company that transforms surgical video into structured clinical data using proprietary vision-language AI model. Trained on over 600,000 procedures across 9 specialties and 180+ procedure types, Theator's platform is embedded within Epic and Oracle Health and deployed at leading health systems including Mayo Clinic, UHealth Miami, Cleveland Clinic, and McGill University Health Centre.

Surgery-to-Text®

Surgery-to-Text® is an AI-powered operative report generation system that creates complete, billing-ready surgical documentation directly from intraoperative video. Unlike ambient dictation tools that transcribe what surgeons say, Surgery-to-Text® analyzes what surgeons do—identifying steps, instruments, anatomical landmarks, and events through the existing laparoscopic or robotic camera feed. Reports are delivered into the EHR within seconds of case completion.

Product & Technology

For Health System Buyers

Clinical Evidence & Safety

Comparisons & Alternatives

¹Khanna A, Wolf T, Frank I, et al. Enhancing accuracy of operative reports with automated artificial intelligence analysis of surgical video. J Am Coll Surg. 2025;240(5):739-746.

⁴Khandekar A, Shah H, Freitas P et al. Surgical intelligence and large language models: leveraging AI for complete and accurate operative reporting. American Urological Association (AUA) Annual Meeting 2025.

⁵Tollefson MK, Ross CJ. Defining the standard for surgical video deidentification. JAMA Surg. 2024;159(1):104-105.

⁶Fried GM, Ortenzi M, Dayan D, et al. Surgical intelligence can lead to higher adoption of best practices in minimally invasive surgery. Ann Surg. 2024;280(3):525-534.

¹²Henning GM, Findlay BL, Cohen T, et al. A step toward modernization of urologic training: incorporation of a novel surgical intelligence platform for robotic prostatectomy video review. J Endourol. 2025;39(11):1204-1210.

²⁰Hewitt DB, Ellis RJ, Chung JW, et al. Association of surgical resident wellness with medical errors and patient outcomes. Ann Surg. 2021;274(2):396-402.

²¹Han S, Shanafelt TD, Sinsky CA, et al. Estimating the attributable cost of physician burnout in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170(11):784-790.

²²Shanafelt T, Goh J, Sinsky C. The business case for investing in physician well-being. JAMA Intern Med. 2017;177(12):1826-1832.

²³Cox ML, Farjat AE, Risoli TJ, et al. Documenting or operating: where is time spent in general surgery residency?. J Surg Educ. 2018;75(6):e97-e106.

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